    
efb| !(, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf sfo{jfxs ;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf]
kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7ssf] gjf}+ lbg cfh dxfdGqLsf] k|ltj]bg
dflysf] 5nkmn Pj+ ;b:ox?åf/f ljljw ljifox?df k|:t't ljrf/
tyf ;'emfjnfO{ ;d]6]/ ;dfof]hg u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] d:of}bf k|:tfj
k|:t't eO{ To;sf] kl/dfh{gsf d'Vo cfwf/x? t}of/ kfl/of] .
h;df ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds g]kfnsf] gofF ;+ljwfg d:of}bfsf
nflu d'Vo cfwf/, /fHosf] k'g{;+/rgf ;DaGwdf k|f?k tof/ kfg{ ;Daf]wg
ul/g' kg]{ dxTjk"0f{ ljifox? Pj+ kf6L{sf] ljwfg ;+zf]wg Pj+
kf6L{ ;+u7gdf ;dfj]zLs/0f nufotsf ljifox? /x]sf 5g\ .
kf6L{sf] Dofb yk ug]{ ;DjGwdf o;} j}7sjf6 lnOPsf] lg0f{o cg';f/
Ps jif{ Dofb j9fO{Psf]n] To;} cg'?k dxflwj]zg Pj+ dxf;ldltnfO{ dWohg/
/fVb} k|:tfjx? kl/dfh{g ul/g] ;'emfjx? ;d]t k/]sf 5g\ .
h; cg';f/ j}7sdf, dxTjk"0f{ ;d;fdoLs ljifox? ;d]6]/ t}of/ kfl/Psf]
/fhgLlts k|:tfjx?, Jff9L k}/f] b'u{d If]qdf ljklQsf] o; 38Ldf kf6L{n]
dxz'; u/]sf lhDd]jf/Lx?sf ;fy} ljleGg ;ldltx?sf] lgdf{0fsf] k|:tfj
dflysf] 5nkmn ;d]t eof] . ;fy} kf6L{sf ljefux?sf] u7g, ;+u7g ;'b[9Ls/0f
sfo{of]hgf nufot kf6L{n] tTsfn ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?sf] lgwf{/0f
;DjlGw ljifo ;d]t k|:t't ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f cw'/f] cj:yfdf /x]sf]n]
o;nfO{ k"0f{tf lbg g]kfnL sfFu|]; ;+;bLo bnsf k|To]s ;b:oaf6
cfufdL ^ dlxgf;Dd dfl;s ?= @)))÷– sf b/n] ;+;bLo bn
dfkm{t n]jL ;+sng ug]{ k|:tfj ;d]t /x]sf] 5 .
5nkmndf cfh;Dd o;df kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:ox? %& hgfn] cfˆgf]
ljrf/ k|:t't u/] .
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] csf]{ a}7s k;L{ @! ut] lbpF;f] # jh] kf6L{
s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;fg]kfdf j:g]5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
!(, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
b]zsf ljleGg efux?df cem} klg dfcf]jfbL Hofblt, ckx/0f / lx+;fTds
ultljlw lg/Gt/ ?kdf e}/x]sf], cfd gful/sdf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt
lbg ;/sf/n] cem} tTk/tf gb]vfPsf]df s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] rfn' a}7ssf]
uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f e}/x]sf] 5 .
-!_ wflbªsf] a}/]gLdf dfcf]jfbLn] ;fd'bflos jg sAhf u/]sf]
/ b]zsf ljleGg efudf hyfefjL jgkm8fgL u/L sf7x?sf] laqmL ljt/0f
/ cj}w j:tL a;fpg] sfd ;d]t ;Qf?9 bn g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf sfo{stf{af6
e}/x]sf] 5 .
-@_ l;/xfsf] e]l8of uf=lj=;=sf /fd]Zj/k|;fb l;+x / nxfg j8f g+=
! sf e]l/ lrN8«]gdf cWoog/t ljBfyL{ !$ jifL{o lzv/ sfsL{ b'a}
hgfsf] c1ft ;d"xsf] ckx/0f kZrft\sf] l:ylt clxn];Dd c1ft /x]sf]
5 . ckx/0fsf/Lx?n] ;lrj /fd]Zj/k|;fb l;+xsf] cfkmGtaf6 ?= kfFr nfv
dfu]sf] / lzv/ sfsL{sf] cfkmGtaf6 ?= tL; nfv dfu]sf] ;dfrf/x? cfO;s]sf]
5 . ;/sf/ pQm b'j} hgfsf] vf]hL ug]{ / kQf nufpg] sfo{df tTsfn tTk/tfsf
;fy yfnf];\ egL g]kfnL sfFu|]; df+u ub{5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
!(, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] eft[ ;+:yf g]kfn k|hftGq ;]gfgL ;+3 uf]/vf lhNnfsf
cWoIf Pj+ >Lgfysf]6 ufpF OsfO{ ;ldltdf ;efklt &% jifL{o nf]sk|;fb
9sfnnfO{ lxhf] efb| !* ut]sf lbg >Lgfysf]6—# l:yt pxfFs}
lgjf;df dfcf]jfbLx?n] xftkft u/L rGbf df+u u/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx?n]
rGbf glbPdf dfg]{ wDsL lbg'sf ;fy} hjh{:tL k};f lbg] zt{ u/fO{ sfuhdf
x:tfIf/ u/fPsf lyP .
;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ;d]t u/]sf dfcf]jfbLx?n] JolQmut :jtGqtfdfly 7f8f]
cfqmd0f u/L 8/ / wDsLsf] /fhgLltnfO{ k'g/fj[lQ u/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx?sf]
j[xt zflGt ;+emf}tfdf :ki6 pNn]v eP/ cfPsf] ljifo ;d]t a]jf:tf ub}{
o:tf] pR5[ª\vn / cfk/flws s[ofsnfksf] g]kfnL sfFu|]; 3f]/ lgGbf
/ eT;{gf ub{5 . ;fy} o:tf ultljlw gbf]xf]¥ofpg / cfkm"nfO{
lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts bnsf] ?kdf k|:t't ug{ g]kfnL sfFu|]; dfcf]jfbLnfO{
;r]t u/fpFb} pQm 36\gfdf ;+nUg JolQmx?nfO{ s8f eGbf s8f sfjf{xL
ug{ g]kfnL sfFu|]; ;/sf/;Fu df+u ub{5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb| !*, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] cf7f}+ lbgsf] j}7s ;efklt lu/Lhf
k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf cfh kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no jL=kL= :d[lt
ejg ;fg]kfdf j:of] .
cfhsf] j}7sdf ;efklt lu/Lhf k|;fb sf]O/fnfn] jblnPsf] /fhgLlts kl/l:yltdf
/fi6« / kf6L{sf ;fd' v8f ePsf r'gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ug{sf nflu
kf6L{sf ;j} ;fyLx? cToGt} lhDd]jf/ / Pstfj4 eP/ cf–cfˆgf]
If]qdf ;s[o /xg lgb]{zg ug'{ eof] .
g]kfnsf] x/]s P]ltxfl;s kl/jt{gdf g]kfnL sfFu|];n] g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf
lgjf{x u/]sf] / zflGt :yfkgf / u0ftGqsf] sfof{Gjog h:tf dxTjk"0f{
/ P]ltxfl;s pknlAwdf g]kfnL sfFu|];n] lgjf{x u/]sf] e'ldsfnfO{ xfdLn]
;w} uf}/jsf ?kdf cfTdf;fy ug'{ kg]{ wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ eof] .
g]tf z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfn] j}7sdf p7]sf ljifox?nfO{ :ki6 kfg'{ x'Fb}
kf6L{sf] /fli6«o e'ldsf / kf6L{sf] ;f+u7lgs e'ldsfsf jf/]df
:ki6 sfo{qmd / gLlt toul/ nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug{ / kf6L{
;+u7gnfO{ ;'b[9 Pj+ ultzLn jgfpg ;s[o /xg kf6L{sf ;Dk"0f tx
/ lgsfox?nfO{ kl/rflnt ul/g' kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg' eof] .
sfo{jfxs ;efklt z';Ln sf]O/fnfn] kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?åf/f
j}7sdf p7fOPsf ljifox? / kf6L{ ;+u7g ;'b[9Ls/0fsf ljifodf kf6L{n]
cjnDjg ug'{ kg]{ gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf jf/]df ;d]t j]7sdf hfgsf/L
u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L, pk–;efklt /fdrGb| kf}8]n / pk–;efklt uf]kfndfg
>]i7n] j}7sdf p7]sf ljifox? nufot cGo ;d;fdoLs ljifodf cf–cfˆgf]
wf/0ff /fVg' eof] .
dxfdGqLsf] k|ltj]bg tyf ;d–;fdoLs ljifodf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?åf/f
k|:t't ul/Psf ;'emfj / l6Kk0fLsf ;DjGwdf p7fOPsf lh1f;fx?sf] dxfdGqL
ljdn]Gb| lglwåf/f j]7snfO{ :ki6 kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} s]Gb|Lo
sfo{;ldltsf] j}7sjf6 cg'df]bg ul/g' kg]{ k|:tfjx?sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfsf
;DjGwdf klg j}7snfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] j}7s k'gM ef]ln efb| !( ut] lbgsf] @M)) jh]
kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf k'gM j:g]5 .
hLjgk|]d >]i7
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
!^, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] ;ftf}+ lbgsf] j}7s sfo{jfxs
;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf cfh kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no jL=kL=
:d[lt ejg ;fg]kfdf j:of] .
j}7sdf dxfdGqL s'njxfb'/ u'?Ën] kf6L{ ;+u7g ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf
;d;fdoLs ljifodf cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fVg' eof] .
dxfdGqLsf] k|ltj]bg dfly kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?åf/f k|:t't
ul/Psf ;'emfjx? k|lt wGojfb k|s6 ub}{ dxfdGqL ljdn]Gb| lglwåf/f
k|ltj]bgsf ;DjGwdf j}7snfO{ :ki6 u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
dxfdGqLåf/f k|:t't k|ltj]bg tyf ;d;fdoLs ljifox? dfly o;cl3
;x–dxfdGqL ch'{g g/l;+x s];L / s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? /fd s[i0f tfd|fsf/
/ dgdf]xg e§/fO{n] cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fVg' eof]]
.
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] j}7s hf/L 5 . s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] j}7s kl;{
efb| !* ut] lbgsf] @M)) jh] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf k'gM j:g]5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
!%, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] 5}7f}+ lbgsf] j}7s sfo{jfxs
;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf cfh kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no jL=kL=
:d[lt ejg ;fg]kfdf j:of] . s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] cfhsf] j}7sn] lgDg
lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
!= g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] dxflwj]zg @)^@ efb| !$–!& df ePsf]
/ ljwfgsf] wf/f !$ -!_ / ## -!_ cg';f/ o;sf] cjlw ;fdfGotof tLg
jif{sf] x'g] Joj:yf ePsf]n] tb\g';f/ oxL @)^% efb| !^ ut] g} tLg
jif{ Dofb k'Ub}5 . g]kfnL sfFu|]; / g]kfnL sfFu|]; -k|hftflGqs_
sf] PsLs/0f @)^$ c;f]h & df ;DkGg tTsfnLg b'j} kf6L{sf] ;+o'Qm
dxf;ldltsf] j}7s ePkl5, ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg / ;f] ;s]kl5 tTsfn
g} u0ftGqsf] sfof{Gjogsf ;fy} /fi6«klt, cWoIf / k|wfgdGqLsf]
lgjf{rg h:tf /fli6«o dxTjsf] ljifodf kf6L{ Jo:t x'g' k/]sf]n]
;+u7g ;DjlGw gul/ gx'g] sltko sfo{ jfFsL g} /x]sf] / lgjf{rg If]q
lgwf{/0f ubf{ If]qx?sf] j[l4n] kf6L{sf] ;+u7gfTds 9fFrfdf ;d]t kl/jt{g
ug'{ kg]{ cj:yfnfO{ c;fwf/0f kl/l:ylt 7x/ u/L lgwf{l/t Dofb leq
dxflwj]zg ug{ ;Dej gePsf]n] / dxflwj]zgsf] tof/L qmddf ug'{ kg]{
;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? ;DkGg ug{ ;dosf] cfjZos ePsf]n] kf6L{ ljwfgsf]
wf/f ## -!_ cg';f/ kf6L{sf ;j} txsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?sf] cjlwnfO{
cfhsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sn] Ps jif{sf] nflu j9fpg] lg0f{o ub{5
.
@= efb| !# ut] /flt k/]sf] clj/n jiff{sf sf/0f cfPsf] af9L klx/f]af6
tgx'F lhNnfsf rf]slr;fkfgL, a/e~Hofª, tgx'F;'/, k'sf]{6, j;Gtk'/,
aGbLk'/, /fOk'/ nufotsf uf=lj=;=x?df u/L & hgfsf] d[To' ePsf],
w]/} 3fOt] ePsf] / hgwgsf] Iflt x'g k'u]sf] 36\gfk|lt g]kfnL sfFu|];
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] j}7s b'Mv k|s6 ub{5 . af9L klx/f]df k/L d[To'
ePsfx?k|lt >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{ p4f/ / /fxtdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L nufot ljleGg ;+3÷;+:yfx?nfO{
cfXjfg ub{5 / g]kfnL sfFu|];sf dftxtsf lgsfox?nfO{ tTsfn To; If]qdf
kl/rflnt x'g cfhsf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7s lgb]{z
ub{5 .
cfhsf] j}7sdf kf6L{ dxfdGqL ljdn]Gb| lglwåf/f k|:t't k|ltj]bg
tyf ;d;fdoLs ljifox? dfly kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? 8f= /fdz/0f dxt,
anjxfb'/ /fO{, anjxfb'/ s]=;L=, lbnjxfb'/ 3tL{, nId0fk|;fb l3ld/]
/ lzjrGb| ld>n] cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fVg' eof]] .
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] af]Ng] qmd hf/L 5 . s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf]
j}7s ef]ln efb| !^ ut] lbgsf] !@M)% jh] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf
k'gM j:g]5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
!$, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgsf] d}+qLk"0f{ e|d0fdf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf pk;efklt
k|sfzdfg l;+xsf] g]t[Tjdf kf6L{sf] ^ ;b:oLo k|ltlglwd08n cfh laxfg
rLg k|:yfg u¥of] . lqe'jg ljdfg:yndf k|ltlglwd08nsf] ljbfOsf
nflu k'Ug' ePsf dxfdlxd /fhb"t em]ª :ofª\lnª\;Fusf]
s'/fsfgLdf g]tf l;+xn] cfkm" klxnf] kN6 k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb
sf]O/fnfsf] rLg e|d0fdf rLg k'u]sf] :d/0f ub}{ g]kfnL sfFu|];sf
zLif{ g]tfx?n] ljutdf u/]sf e|d0fn] ;DaGwx?sf] ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{
cfwf/zLnf /fv]sf] s'/f atfpg' eof] . ;f]xL cj;/df /fhb"t em]ª\n]
rLg / g]kfnsf] d}+qLk"0f{ e|d0fsf] rrf{ ub}{ g]kfnL sfFu|];sf]
k|ltlglwd08nsf] rLg e|d0fn] ;DaGwx?df yk of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] ljZjf;
ug'{ eof] .
rLgn] ljleGg d'n'ssf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?;Fu dfq geO{ k|hftflGqs kf6L{x?;Fu
;d]t ;DaGw ljsf; u/]sf] s'/f klg pxfFn] pNn]v ug'{ eof] .
k|ltlglwd08nsf pkg]tf Pj+ ljb]z ljefu k|d'v >LdtL ;'hftf sf]O/fnfsf
cg';f/ o; e|d0fsf] ;+of]hg b'j} kf6L{sf ljb]z ljefuåf/f e}/x]sf]
5 .
k|ltlglwd08nsf ;b:ox?df s]Gb|Lo ;b:o 8f= ldg]Gb| l/hfn, k"j{
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o 8f=gf/fo0f v8sf, ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o
k'ikf e';fn / ljb]z ljefusf ;b:o 8f= zDe'/fd l;Dv8f x'g'x'G5 .
k|:yfg ug'{ cl3 k|ltlglwd08n;Fu kqsf/x?sf] e]63f6 sfo{qmd /x]sf]
lyof] .
sf7df8f}F l:yt lrlgof b"tfjf;sf cg';f/ pxfFx?n] ;+3fO{, j]lhª,
r]ª\b', lnª emL, ltAatsf] Nxf;f, bfªlS;of]+usf] e|d0fsf
;fy} j]lhªdf u|]6jfnsf] cjnf]sg ;d]t ug'{ x'g]5 .
pxfFx?n] hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo txsf pRr
kbflwsf/Lx?;Fu e]63f6 ug'{ x'g]5 / b'j} b]zsf] d}+qLk"0f{ ;DaGwsf
;fy} g]kfnL sfFu|]; / lrlgof sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] aLrsf] d}+qLk"0f{
;DaGw ljsf; af/] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf pRr g]tfx?;Fu ljrf/ cfbfg–k|bfg
ug'{ x'g] sfo{qmd 5 .
o;}u/L Nxf;fdf ltAat :jfzfl;t If]qsf] ljsf; tyf ;'wf/ cfof]u, hft–hflt
tyf wd{ ;DaGwL Ao"/f] / jfl0fHo Ao"/f]sf ;DalGwt clwsf/Lx?;Fu
e]63f6 ug'{sf ;fy} kf]tfnf b/jf/ cflbsf] cjnf]sg ug'{ x'g] sfo{qmd
5 .
k|ltlglwd08n efb| @! ut] zlgaf/ -tbg';f/ ;]K6]Da/ ^, @))*_ df kms{g]
sfo{qmd 5 .
k|ltlglwd08nsf] ljbfO{ nflu g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf tkm{af6
d'Vo ;lrj /fdrGb| kf]v/]n x'g'x'GYof] . ;f] cj;/df nlntk'/ lhNnf
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt rGb| dxh{g Pj+ g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ljleGg txsf
g]tf Pj+ sfo{stf{x?sf] klg pkl:ylt lyof] .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
!#, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] kfrf}+ lbgsf] j}7s sfo{jfxs
;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf cfh kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no jL=kL=
:d[lt ejg ;fg]kfdf j:of] . cfhsf] j}7sdf kf6L{sf pk–;efklt
k|sfz dfg l;+x s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? dx]z cfrfo{, s[i0f k|;fb l;6f}nf,
k|lbk lu/L, 8f=ldg]Gb| l/hfn, ;'hftf sf]O/fnf, O{Gb| jxfb'/ u'?Ë,
l8gf dxfnIdL pkfWofo / cfdGqLt ;b:o z';Lndfg z]/rgn] cf–cfˆgf]
wf/0ff /fVg' eof]] .
a}7sdf dxfdGqLsf] k|ltj]bgdflysf] 5nkmnsf ;fy} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f,
/fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf Pj+ åGbsf ;dob]lv cfh;Dd g]kfnL sfFu|];sf
sfo{stf{n] lg/Gt/ ef]Ug' k/]sf cToGt s7f]/ Pj+ jt{dfg HjnGt ;d:of
/ ltgsf] ;DklQ sAhf, lkmtf{sf ljifox? dfly uDeL/ 5nkmn eof] .
;fy}, kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj, ;+u7g Pj+ ;+u7g ;'b[9Ls/0fdf ;ft ;fnb]lv
dlxnf, dw]zL, blnt, hghflt, cflbjf;Lx?sf] pNn]vgLo of]ubfg tyf ;xeflutf
/x]sf] k[i7e"lddf ca kf6L{ ;+/rgfnfO{ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds
k|0ffnL cg'?k ;';+ul7t agfpg] / ;dfj]zL b[li6af6 cflwsflws ;xeflutf
;'lglZrt u/fpg] ;DaGwdf Jofks 5nkmn eof] . s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?sf] jf]Ng]
qmd hf/L 5 .
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] j}7s efb| !% ut] cfO{tjf/ lbgsf] !@M)% jh]
kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf k'gM j:g]5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
!#, @)^%
>L ;DkfbsHo",
;dfrf/ ;+sngsf nflu xflb{s cg'/f]w 5,
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf pk–;efklt Pj+ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o df=>L k|sfzdfg
l;+xsf] g]t[Tjdf kf6L{sf % ;b:oLo k|ltlglw d08n hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgsf]
sDo"lgi6 kf6L{sf] lgdGq0ffdf ef]nL ebf} !$ ut] ljxfgsf] (M))
jh] rfO{gf Po/sf] p8fgjf6 rLg hfg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] x'Fbf ;dfrf/ ;+sng
ul/ lbg' eO{ ;Dk|]i0fsf] nflu ;bf em} ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fVb5f}+
.
pQm k|ltlglw d08ndf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o
ljefu k|d'v Pj| k|ltlglw d08nsf pk–g]tf ;'hftf sf]O/fnf, s]Gb|Lo
;b:o Pj+ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o 8f=ldg]Gb| l/hfn, ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o 8f=gf/fo0f
v8\sf, ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o k'ikf e'iffn / ljb]z ljefusf ;b:o zDe'/fd
l;Dv8f ;dfj]z /xg' x'g] 5 .
;fy} lqe'jg ljdfg:ynsf], cGt/fli6«o p8fgsf] VIP
sIfdf k|j]z tyf ;dfrf/ ;+sngsf] Joj:yf kf6L{n] ldnfpg] ;d]t
hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
!@, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] rf}yf] lbgsf] j}7s sfo{jfxs
;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf cfh kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no jL=kL=
:d[lt ejg ;fg]kfdf j:of] . cfhsf] j}7sdf kf6L{ dxfdGqL ljdn]Gb|
lglwåf/f k|:t't k|ltj]bg tyf ;d;fdoLs ljifox? dfly s]Gb|Lo
;b:ox? rqmk|;fb jf:tf]nf, afns[i0f vfF0f, 8f=k|sfz z/0f dxt, 8f=
z+zfs sf]O/fnf, kbdgf/fo0f rf}w/L, cfdGqLt ;b:ox? z'qm/fh zdf{,
k'?iff]Qd j:g]t / pkl:yt ;b:o s[i0fnfn ;fksf]6fn] cf–cfˆgf]
wf/0ff /fVg' eof]] . s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?sf] jf]Ng] qmd hf/L 5 .
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] j}7s ef]ln dWofGx !@M)% jh] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf
k'gM j:g]5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb| !@, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] lgdGq0ffdf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf]
kfFr ;b:oLo k|ltlglwd08n kf6L{sf pk;efklt k|sfzdfg l;+xsf] g]t[Tjdf
* lbg] rLgsf] ;b\efjgf e|d0fdf k;L{ efb| !$ ut] zlgaf/ -tbg';f/
cu:t #), @))*_ sf lbg rLg k|:yfg ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
rLgsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ljb]z ljefuåf/f cfdGq0f ul/Psf] o;
k|ltlglwd08nsf] pkg]tf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ ljb]z ljefu
k|d'v ;'hftf sf]O/fnf x'g'x'G5 . k|ltlglwd08nsf ;b:ox?df s]Gb|Lo
;b:o 8f= ldg]Gb| l/hfn, k"j{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o
8f=gf/fo0f v8sf, ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o k'ikf e';fn / ljb]z ljefusf ;b:o
zDe'/fd l;Dv8f x'g'x'G5 .
sf7df8f}F l:yt lrlgof b"tfjf;sf cg';f/ pxfFx?n] ;+3fO{, j]lhª,
r]ª\b', lnª emL, ltAatsf] Nxf;f, bfªlS;of]+usf] e|d0fsf
;fy} j]lhªdf u|]6jfnsf] cjnf]sg ;d]t ug'{ x'g]5 .
pxfFx?n] hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo txsf pRr
kbflwsf/Lx?;Fu e]63f6 ug'{ x'g]5 / b'j} b]zsf] d}+qLk"0f{ ;DaGwsf
;fy} g]kfnL sfFu|]; / lrlgof sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] aLrsf] d}+qLk"0f{
;DaGw ljsf; af/] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf pRr g]tfx?;Fu ljrf/ cfbfg–k|bfg
ug'{ x'g] sfo{qmd 5 .
o;}u/L Nxf;fdf ltAat :jfzfl;t If]qsf] ljsf; tyf ;'wf/ cfof]u, hft–hflt
tyf wd{ ;DaGwL Ao"/f] / jfl0fHo Ao"/f]sf ;DalGwt clwsf/Lx?;Fu
e]63f6 ug'{sf ;fy} kf]tfnf b/jf/ cflbsf] cjnf]sg ug'{ x'g] sfo{qmd
5 .
ljb]z ljefu k|d'v >LdtL ;'hftf sf]O/fnfsf cg';f/ o; e|d0fsf]
;+of]hg b'j} kf6L{sf ljb]z ljefusf k|d'vx?af6 e}/x]sf] 5 . k|ltlglwd08n
efb| @! ut] zlgaf/
-tbg';f/ ;]K6]Da/ ^, @))*_ df kms{g] sfo{qmd 5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
!@, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
æg]kfnL sfFu|]; jf9L lk8Lt s]Gb|Lo ;xof]u ;ldltÆ sf]
j}7s ;ldltsf ;+of]hs Pj+ kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo pk;efklt >L k|sfzdfg
l;+xsf] cWoIftfdf cfh kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no jL=kL=:d[lt ejg ;fg]kfdf
j;L lgDg lg0f{ox? u/]sf] 5 .
!= jf9L lk8Ltx?sf] /fxt ;+sng sfo{nfO{ !% lbg;Dd lg/Gt/ ?kdf o'4
:t/df /fxt ;+sng ug{sf] nflu g]kfnL sfFu|]; ;j} lhNnf sfo{;ldltx?nfO{
lgb]{z ug]{ lg0f{o ub{5 .
@= g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] tkm{jf6 ;+ljwfg;efdf /xg' ePsf k|To]s ;b:ox?jf6
?= @)))÷– sf b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd g]kfnL sfFu|]; jf9L
lk8Lt s]Gb|Lo ;xof]u ;ldlt vftf g+= !#%–!!–!))&%
g]kfn j}+s ln= s'k08f]n zfvfsf] vftfdf hDdf ug{] lg0f{o ub{5 .
#= /fxt sfo{ ;+sngsf nflu ltj| ?kdf cuf8L j9fpg g]kfnL sfFu|];;Fu
cfj4 ;j} eft[ Pj+ z'e]R5's ;+3 ;+:yf tyf g]kfnL sfFu|]; k|lt ;xfg'e'lt
/fVg' x'g] ;j} dxfg'efjx?nfO{ pNn]lvt vftfdf /fxt /sd hDdf ug'{
x'g clkn ;d]t ub{5 .
hLjgk|]d >]i7
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
!@, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; a'6jn gu/ ;ldltsf ;efklt uf]kfnk|;fb >]i7sf] cfh
sf7df8f}Fdf lgwg eof] . pxfFn] g]kfnL sfFu|];åf/f ;+rflnt
x/]s ;+3if{ / g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'
ePsf] lyof] . nf]stGq axfnL / hgtfsf] clwsf/sf nflu pxfFn] k'¥ofpg'
ePsf] of]ubfg kf6L{df ;bf clj:d/0fLo /xg] 5 . pxfFsf] lgwgdf g]kfnL
sfFu|]; ulx/f] b'Mv JoQm ub{5 . ;fy}, lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/ zflGtsf]
sfdgf ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/df g]kfnL sfFu|]; xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6
ub{5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
!@, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; sf7df8f}F–;f]n'v'Da' ;Dks{ ;ldltsf pk;efklt
cfª\sfhL z]kf{sf] lxhf] efb| !! ut] sf7df8f}+df lgwg eof] .
pxfF h'ljª uf=lj=;= j8f g+= !, vl/vf]nf, ;f]n'df hGdg' ePsf]
lyof] . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng, @)$* ;fnsf] lgjf{rg / @)^@÷^#
sf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]hgdf ;lqmo /xg' ePsf z]kf{sf] lgwgdf g]kfnL
sfFu|]; ulx/f] b'Mv JoQm ub{5 . ;fy}, lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/ zflGtsf]
sfdgf ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/df g]kfnL sfFu|]; xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6
ub{5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb| !!, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] t]>f] lbgsf] j}7s sfo{jfxs
;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf cfh kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no jL=kL=
:d[lt ejg ;fg]kfdf j:of] . cfhsf] j}7sdf kf6L{ g]tf z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfåf/f
;d;fdoLs ljifodf cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fVg' eof] . j}7sdf kf6L{ dxfdGqL
ljdn]Gb| lglwåf/f k|:t't k|ltj]bg tyf ;d;fdoLs ljifox? dfly
s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? 1fg]Gb| jxfb'/ sfsL{, cd//fh s}gL, lbk s'df/ pkfWofo,
ldgf kf08], lbgjGw' >]i7, leid/fh cfËb]Dj], hLjgjxfb'/ zfxL
/ cfdGqLt ;b:o cfgGb k|;fb 9'+ufgfn] cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff
/fVg' eof]] . s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?sf] jf]Ng] qmd hf/L 5 .
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] j}7s ef]ln dWofGx !@M)% jh] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf
k'gM j:g]5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
!!, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
;Ktsf]zL t6jGw elTsPsf] sf/0f cfPsf] k|sf]k jf6 To; If]qsf nfvf}+
hgtf cToGt 7"nf] ljklQjf6 u'h|L/x]sf 5g . /fli6«o ljklQsf]
o; 3l8df ;Dk'0f{ /fi6« Ps eP/ /fxt, jfFwsf] k'gM lgdf{0f /
lj:yflktx?sf] k'gM:yfkgfdf h'6g' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . ef/tsf] ljxf/
/fHosf] nfvf}+ hgtfx? klg o; jf9L k|sf]ksf] df/df k/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL
sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] cfhsf] j}7s o; cToGt b'Mvb 3l8df jf9L lk8Lt
;j} k|lt ;xfg'e'lt k|s6 ub{5 / p4f/ tyf ;xof]usf] nflu ;j};Fu clkn
ub{5 . ltgfp glbjf6 ePsf] Iflt nufot b]zsf ljleGg 7fpFdf ePsf] k|fs[lts
ljklQ / vfBfGg cefj k|lt klg g]kfnL sfFu|]; ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f
u/fpg rfxG5 .
sf]zL If]qdf cfPsf]
jf9L k|sf]ksf] sf/0f ljklQdf k/]sf hgtfx?nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{x?;Fu
;dGjo u/L /fli6«o /fxt, k'gMlgdf{0f / k'gM:yfkgfdf h'6g'sf]
;f6f] o; ljklQnfO{ ;/sf/ /fhgLlts d'2f jgfpg nflu k/]sf] 5 . o;
k|lt xfdL v]b k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
o; /li6«o ljklQsf] 3l8df xfd|f] lgDg lnlvt lhDd]jf/Lx? 5g\
.
!= /fxt sfo{nfO{ o'4 :t/df cuf8L j9fpg'
@= eTs]sf] jfFwnfO{ tTsfn k'gM lgdf{0f ug'{ / eTsg ;Sg] ;Defjgf
ePsf] 7fpFdf eTsgjf6 /f]Sg',
#= jf9 lk8Ltx?sf] k'gM:yfkgfsf] Joj:yf ug'{,
$= k|b'lift kfgLjf6 x'g ;Sg] ;s|d0f /f]usf] /f]syfd
%= v]ltof]Uo hldg / jGo hGt'x?sf] ;+/If0f
^= ;8s oftfoftsf] j}sNkLs Joj:yf,
o;sf nflu cNksfnLg / lb3{sflng of]hgfsf] ;d]t cfjZostf kb{5 .
oL sfo{x?nfO{ ;kmntfsf ;fy k'/f ug{ g]kfnL sfFu|]; g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu
;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bnx?sf] j}7s tTsfn 8fSg dfu ub{5 . ;fy}, ;+ljwfg;ef
cWoIf;Fu klg ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;j} bnx?sf] j}7s 8fSg
cg'/f]w ub{5 .
o; hnpTkGg k|sf]kjf6
ljklQdf k/]sf hgtfx?nfO{ p4f/ ug{ / o:tf ljklQx? km]/L bf]xf]l/g
glbg cGt/fli6«o ;xof]usf] klg cfjZostf kb{5 . hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{gjf6
klg hnpTkGg k|sf]ksf] 36gfx? ;+;f/el/ g} j9b} 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf
jfFwsf] k'gMlgdf{0f / sdhf]/ t6jGw klxrfg ePsf] 7fpFdf k'gMlgdf{0fsf]
ljz]if lhDd]jf/L ef/t ;/sf/sf] 5 . o; sfo{nfO{ tTsfn cufl8 j9fpg
ef/t ;/sf/sf] ;xof]u ck]lIft 5 . ;fy}, cGo ldq /fi6«x? / hn
pTkGg k|sf]k ;Fu ;DjlGwt cGt/f{li6« ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fu klg ;xof]usf]
nflu g]kfnL sfFu|]; clkn ub{5 .
g]kfnL sfFu|]; :j+o
klg kf6L{n] ;Sg] ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]u kl/rfng ug{ h'6L /x]sf] 5 .
o; /fli6«o ljklQdf cfkm\gf] Ifdtfn] EofP ;Dd jf9L lk8Lt If]qsf
hgtfnfO{ tTsfn /fxt k'¥ofpg emfkf, ;'g;/L, df]/Ë, ;Kt/L,
l;/fxf nufot b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{sf ;fyLx?nfO{ cfJxfg ub{5 .
;fy} g]kfnL sfFu|]; jf9L lk8Lt s]Gb|Lo ;xof]u ;ldlt jf9L lk8Ltx?nfO{
;xof]u ug{ rfxg] bftf dxfg'efjx?nfO{ vftf g+= !#%–!!–!))&%
-rNtL_ g]kfn j}+s ln= s'k08f]n zfvfdf ;xof]u /sd hDdf ul/ ;xof]u
ug{ klg g]kfnL sfFu|]; cg'/f]w ub{5 .
g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo
;ldlt
efb|
!), @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] bf]>f] lbgsf] j}7s sfo{jfxs
;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf cfh kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no jL=kL=
:d[lt ejg ;fg]kfdf j:of] . j}7sdf kf6L{ dxfdGqL ljdn]Gb| lglwåf/f
k|:t't k|ltj]bg dfly s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? lr/~hLlj jfUn], ljgoWjh rGb,
;'lgn s'df/ e08f/L, kmd"{Nnfx d+;'/, k"0f{ s'df/ z]df{,
pdf clwsf/L, hLk l5/LË nfdf z]kf{, dfgjxfb'/ ljZjsdf{, lbn]Gb|
k|;fb j8', pdfsfGt rf}w/L / ;'k|ef l3ld/]n] 5nkmndf efu lng' eof]
. dxfdGqLsf] k|ltj]bg dfly s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf]
wf/0ff /fVg] qmd hf/L 5 .
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] j}7s ef]ln ljxfg !!M)) jh] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf
k'gM j:g] 5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
(, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] j}7s sfo{jfxs ;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnfsf]
cWoIftfdf cfh kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no jL=kL= :d[lt ejg ;fg]kfdf j:of]
. j}7sdf kf6L{ dxfdGqL ljdn]Gb| lglwåf/f k|:t't k|ltj]bg dfly
s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? uf]ljGb /fh hf]zL, g/x/L cfrfo{, k|lbk lu/L, ;'hftf
sf]O/fnf, Pg=kL= ;fFpb / ch'{g k|;fb hf]zLn] 5nkmndf efu lng' eof]
. dxfdGqLsf] k|ltj]bg dfly s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf]
wf/0ff /fVg] qmd hf/L 5 .
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] j}7s ef]ln ljxfg !!M)) jh] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf
k'gM j:g] 5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
efb|
@, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
k|wfgdGqL >L k'iksdn bfxfn -k|r08_ sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu t}gfy ul/Psf]
d'Vo ;'/Iff Joj:yfdf g]kfnL ;]gf /xg'sf] ;§f dfcf]jfbL n8fs"x?nfO{
klg t}gfy ul/Psf] ;DaGwdf / To; af/] cfPsf] ;dfrf/k|lt g]kfnL sfFu|];sf]
uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . ;fy}, dfcf]jfbLsf] o; sfo{af6 kl5Nnf]
& a"Fb] ;xdltdf ePsf] k|ltj4tf ljk/Lt ePsf] ;d]t g]kfnL
sfFu|]; 7x/ ub{5 .
b]zsf] clt ;+j]bgzLn Pj+ /fli6«o dxTjsf ;+:yfx?df lhDd]jf/
:yfgaf6 /fli6«o ;]gf nufot /fi6«sf ;'/Iff ;+oGqx?sf]
dgf]an lu/fpg] / t]hf]jw u/fpg ;Sg] s'g} klg sfo{sf] lgGbf ub}{
tTsfn o:tf sfo{x? / å}w rl/qsf ultljlwx? aGb ug{ Pj+ Go"gtd
/fli6«o ;'/Iffsf dfkb08 glayf]Ng klg g]kfnL sfFu|]; ;r]t u/fpFb5
.
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f
#), @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
k|wfgdGqL lgjf; afn'jf6f/, sf7df8f}Fdf ;efklt Pj+ ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf]
cfh a;]sf] a}7sn] k|wfgdGqL kbsf] nflu pDd]bjf/sf] dgf]gog ug]{
lbg cfh ldlt @)^% ;fn >fj0f #) df laxfg !) ah]b]lv lbgsf] % ah];Dd
ePsf] ;Gbe{df b]xfo adf]lhd lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
!= ;xdlt ePdf c? bnsf] pDd]bjf/nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ / ;xdlt x'g g;s]df
cfˆgf] bnsf] tkm{af6 pDd]bjf/L lbg] . o;sf nflu g]=s=kf= -Pdfn]_,
dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d nufotsf bnx?;+u k/fdz{ Pj+ 5nkmn ug]{ .
@= cfˆgf] bnsf] tkm{af6 pDd]bjf/L lbg' kbf{ kf6L{sf] ;+;bLo
;ldltn] pDd]bjf/ dgf]gog ug]{ .
#= of] lg0f{o cg';f/ pDd]bjf/sf] kIfdf dtbfg ug{ u/fpg ;+;bLo bnnfO{
lgb]{zg lbg] .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f
@(, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
k|wfgdGqL lgjf; afn'jf6f/, sf7df8f}Fdf ;efklt Pj+ ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf]
cfh a;]sf] a}7sn] b]xfo adf]lhd lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
zflGt k|s[ofnfO{ tfls{s lgisif{ / 6'+uf]df k'¥ofpg tyf ;xdltsf]
jftfj/0fdf nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ b]zdf /fli6«o ;xdltsf]
;/sf/ aGg' k5{ / To;sf nflu ;+ljwfg;efdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bnsf]
x}l;otdf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] ;xdlt h'6fpg] kxn u/f];\ eg]/ xfdLn]
z'?sf lbgb]lv g} cfu|x ub}{ cfPsf] s'/f ;j{ljlbt} 5 . ;xdltsf cfwf/
lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfb]lv kl5Nnf] & a"Fb]
;xdlt;Ddsf j'Fbfx?df pNn]lvt jfO{=;L=Pn=sf] ?kfGt/0f, åGbsfndf
lgld{t ;dfgfGt/ ;+/rgfx?sf] ;dflKt, sAhf ul/Psf 3/hUuf, ;DklQ lkmtf{
/ bf]xf]/f] kb Tofu ug]{ nufotsf ljifox?sf] sfof{Gjog k|f/De ul/of];\
eGg] ;d]tsf ;xdltsf cfwf/x?sf ;fy} ;Ddfghgs Pj+ ;Gt'lnt x'g] u/L
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] :j?k lgwf{/0f tyf Go"gtd ;femf sfo{qmd tof/
ug]{ Psd'i6 ;xdlt sfod ug{ g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ n] s'g} 7f];\ kxn
gu/]sf] 7x/ ub}{ g]kfnL sfFu|];n] g]=s=kf=-Pdfn]_, dw]zL hgclwsf/
kmf]/d nufotsf ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?;Fu ;Dks{ / k/fdz{ u/L pko'Qm lgsf;
vf]Hg] lg0f{o ub{5 .
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7s ef]ln >fj0f #) ut] lalxaf/ laxfg *
ah] k|wfgdGqL lgjf;, afn'jf6f/df k'gM a:g] 5 .
ljdn]Gb| lglw
dxfdGqL
>fj0f
!(, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; g'jfsf]6 If]q g+= @ sf If]qLo ;efklt w'|j >]i7nfO{
#)÷#@ hgfsf] ;d"xdf cfPsf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;d"xn] lxhf]
a]n'sf * ah] g'jfsf]6sf] cf]v/kf}jf uf=lj=;= l:yt ;"o{ sfk]{6sf]
ˆofS6«L lg/ df]6/ ;fOsn /f]sL lgd{d / kfzljs tj/n] s'6kL6
u/]sf 5g\ . pxfF nufot cGo rf/ hgf lqz'nLaf6 sf7df8f}F cfpFb} x'g'x'GYof]
. pxfFsf] l:ylt uDeL/ /x]sf]n] clxn] sf7df8f}F l:yt cf]d gl;{ª
xf]ddf pkrf/ e}/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL sfFu|];sf sfo{stf{ ;'/]Gb| s]=;L=
/ k|bLk s]=;L= ;lxt rf/ hgf klg cfqmd0faf6 3fOt] x'g' ePsf] 5 .
cfqmd0fsf/L dfcf]jfbL ;d"xn] pxfFx?;Fu /x]sf] df]jfOn ;]6 n'6L
nu]sf 5g\ eg] b'O{ j6f df]6/;fOsn eL/af6 v;fOlbPsf 5g\ .
g]kfnL sfFu|]; of] 36\gfsf] 3f]/ lgGbf / eT;{gf ub{5 . pSt 36\gfdf
;+nUg JolQmx?nfO{ s8f eGbf s8f sfjf{xL ug{ g]kfnL sfFu|]; g]kfn
;/sf/;Fu df+u ub{5 .
hLjgk|]d >]i7
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f
!*, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf ;efklt Pj+ ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] ef/tLo
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf jl/i7 g]tf Pj+ g]kfnsf Ps dxfg ldq x/ls;g l;+x
;'/hLtsf] b'Mvb lgwgdf Ps ;dj]bgf ;Gb]z lbg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] g]kfnL
k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf kIfdf pleP/ k'¥ofpg' ePsf] of]ubfg / @)$^
;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf], zLif{ g]tf u0f]zdfg
l;+xsf] g]t[Tjdf ;DkGg P]ltxfl;s /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf pxfFsf]
pTk|]/0ff / ;xeflutfsf] :d/0f ug'{ ePsf] 5 . ;dj]bgf ;Gb]zsf] k"0f{
kf7 o; k|sf/ 5 M
;dj]bgf ;Gb]z
æef/tLo :jflwgtf cfGbf]ngsf ;]gfgL Pj+ ef/tLo sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
-l;lkcfO–Pd_ sf jl/i7 g]tf Pj+ g]kfnsf Ps dxfg ldq x/ls;g
l;+x ;'/hLt, (#, sf] b'Mvb lgwgsf] va/n] g]kfnL sfFu|]; cToGt b'MvL
ePsf] 5 . x/ls;g l;+xsf] lgwg lxhf] gofF lbNnLdf ePsf] xf] . pxfF
g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf Ps ;zQm ;dy{s dfq geO{ /fhfsf] tfgfzfxL
zf;gsf lj?4sf ;+3if{df ;w}+ g} g]kfnL hgtfsf] kIfdf pleg' eof] .
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf zLif{ g]tf :j= u0f]zdfg l;+xsf] g]t[Tjdf / pxfFs}
rfS;Laf/L l:yt lgjf;, sf7df8f}Fdf @)$^ ;fndf ;DkGg P]ltxfl;s /fli6«o
;Dd]ngdf pxfFsf] ax'd"No pTk|]/0ff / ;xeflutfn] g]kfnL hgtfsf]
x[bodf ulx/f] Pj+ clj:d/0fLo 5fk 5f]8]sf] 5 . pxfF To; ;Dd]ngdf
;dfhjfbL g]tf :j= rGb| z]v/sf ;fy} g]kfn cfPsf] ef/tLo g]tfx?sf]
k|ltlglwd08nsf Ps jl/i7 ;b:o x'g'x'GYof] .
b'Mvsf] o; 38Ldf d g]kfnL sfFu|]; / g]kfnL hgtfsf] tkm{af6 pxfFsf
zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/ Pj+ kf6L{k+lQmsf ;a} zf]sdUg ;fyLx?k|lt x[bo:kzL{
;dj]bgf JoQm ub}{ lbj+ut g]tfsf] lr/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub{5' .Æ
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f
!&, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
sfe|]sf] kgf}tL / dNkL, nlntk'/sf] emD;Lv]n, x]6f}+8f tyf sf7df08f}jf6
oxL c;f/ @& ut] l5d]sL d'n's ef/tsf] rf/wfd bz{gsf nflu uPsf
ltyf{n'x? r9]sf] j; ef/t pQ/fv08sf] rdf]nL lhNnfsf] cnsGbf glbdf
v:bf #^ hgf g]kfnLx?sf] d[To' x'g'sf ;fy} 3fO{t] ;d]t ePsf] vj/n]
g]kfnL sfFu|];nfO{ :tJw / ddf{xt kf/]sf] 5 / o; b'MvbfoL 36gfn]
/fi6«nfO{ ck'/0fLo Iflt k'Ug uPsf] 5 . ;fy}, ;f] 36gfdf 3fO{t]
x'g' ePsfx?sf] zL3| :jf:Yonfesf] sfdgf ub{5 .
b'Mvsf] o; 3l8df lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt
kl/jf/ tyf cfkmGthgx?df g]kfnL sfFu|]; xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5
.
/fd rGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f
!$, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
pk/fi6«klt k/dfgGb emfn] lng' ePsf] ;kysf]
efiffsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s]xL lbg otf sf7df8f}F pkTosf nufot b]zsf
ljleGg efux?df e}/x]sf ;fdflhs ;b\efj, ;lxi0f'tf tyf /fli6«o
PstfnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg] lsl;dsf 36\gf / ultljlw k|lt g]kfnL sfFu|];sf]
uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 .
P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwfg;efåf/f ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|s[of cl3 a9fpg
;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ xfdL g]kfnLsf] uxg lhDd]jf/L 5 . o:tf] dxTjk"0f{
/ ;+j]bgzLn 38Ldf /fi6«sf] /fhgLltnfO{ x/ k|sf/n] ;d]6]/ zflGt,
;b\efj / /fli6«o PstfnfO{ sfod /fVb} cufl8 a9\g' kg]{ cfhsf]
/fli6«o cfjZostf xf] . o; 38Ldf b]zsf ljleGg efudf / /fhwfgLdf
pQ]hs k|bz{g, JolQm cfqmd0f, /fhgLlts bnx?sf] sfof{no tf]8kmf]8sf
lgGbgLo 36\gfx? x'g' b'Mvsf] s'/f xf] . pk/fi6«kltsf] ;ky
u|x0fsf] ljifo cbfntsf] sfjf{xLsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf] 5 . o; cj:yfdf
o:tf] hftLo efjgf e8\sfO{ dw]z / kxf8 aLr j}dg:o km}nfpg] pQ]hgf,
3[0ff / lx+;f e8\sfpg] ultljlw tTsfn aGb x'g' k5{ . s'g} klg ef}uf]lns
If]qsf gful/snfO{ lgjf{w lx8\8'n / cfjt hfjt ug{ sxL st}af6 cj/f]w
x'g' x'Fb}g / To:tf] gug{ g]kfnL sfFu|]; ;a};Fu xflb{s cfu|x ub{5
. o;sf nflu b]zsf x/ lhDd]jf/ kIf;Fu zflGt tyf ;b\efj sfod ug{ ;xof]usf
nflu ckLn ub{5 . ;fy} b]zdf ;fdflhs ;b\efj / ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iffsf ljifodf
;/sf/ uDeL/ eP/ pRr ;ts{tf ckgfpg ;d]t cg'/f]w ub{5 .
b]zsf ;a} ljBfyL{x?, /fhgLlts bn;Fu ;Dj4 ljBfyL{ ;+u7g Pj+ t?0f–o'jf
zlQmnfO{ a9L lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s zfGt /xL w}o{tf ckgfpg / kf/:kl/s
;b\efj sfod ug{ u/fpg /+ cf–cfˆgf] 7fpFaf6 ;xof]u k'¥ofpg
g]kfnL sfFu|]; ckLn ub{5 . g]kfnL sfFu|];sf eft[ ;+:yfx? ljz]if
u/L g]kfn t?0f bn, g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3nfO{ o;} lj1lKt dfkm{t\ cfˆgf
lj/f]w k|bz{gsf ultljlw tTsfn /f]Sg ;d]t cfu|x
ub{5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f !#, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf] a}7s ;efklt Pj+ ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf]
cWoIftfdf cfh k|wfgdGqL lgjf; afn'jf6f/df ;DkGg eof] . a}7sdf ;/sf/
u7g nufotsf uDeL/ ljifox? af/] 5nkmn eof] .
b]zsf] ;d;fdlos /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt / ljz]if u/L /fi6«klt lgjf{rg
;DkGg ePkl5sf /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt af/]sf] 5nkmnaf6 cl:t k|f/De eO{
bf];|f] lbgsf] a}7s cfh k'gM z'? ePsf] xf] . a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{
x'Fb} kf6L{ ;efklt Pj+ k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] eGg' eof]—
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] 5lj cfh /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o
hutdf uf}/jk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . /fi6«klt lgjf{rgdf pbf/ nf]stflGqs
k4lt / g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] k|lti7f a9]sf] 5 . ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] o;
lgjf{rgdf c? w]/} 7"nf ;fgf kf6L{x?n] cfˆgf] cd"No
dt k|of]u u/L nf]stflGqs cEof;nfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'
ePsf]df wGojfb 1fkg ug'{ eof] .
o;} ;Gbe{df ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] c?n] s] eG5 eGg] lt/ eGbf o; kf6L{sf]
cfˆgf] cfbz{, d"No dfGotf / c8fgnfO{ sfod /fVb} / ;a}sf]
efjgfnfO{ Vofn /fVb} b]zJofkL ?kdf ;+u7glt/ nfUg lgb]{zg lbg' eof]
.
g]tf z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o k|rng / dof{bfnfO{
Wofgdf /fVb} ;fs{ ;Dd]ngdf g]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj gx'Fbf x'g cfpg]
kl/0ffdnfO{ ;d]t ljrf/ u/L ;fs{df k|wfgdGqLn] efu lng' kb{5 egL
:ki6 kfg'{ eof] .
a}7sdf cfhsf jQmfx?n] kf6L{n] tTsfn Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ /fli6«o
dxTjsf ljifox?, ;f+u7lgs ;'b[9Ls/0f, kf6L{n] clVtof/ u/]sf c8fgx?
/ Jojxfl/s ;d:ofx? tyf g]t[Tj k+lQmaf6 jt{dfg ;Gbe{df dgg ug'{ kg]{
ljifox?tkm{ Wofg cfs[i6 u/fpFb} cf–cfˆgf] ljrf/ / b[li6sf]0f
k|:t't ug'{ eof] . a}7ssf] k|f/Dedf pk;efklt /fdrGb| kf}8]nn] cl:tsf]
a}7saf6 cfh;Dd ePsf / ul/Psf yk ;d;fdlos ljifox?sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'
eof] . 5nkmndf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? qmdzM k'?iff]Qd a:g]t, pdfsfGt rf}w/L,
afns[i0f vfF0f, Pg=kL= ;fpFb, bLks'df/ pkfWofo / cd//fh s}gLn] af]Ng'
eof] .
;efkltn] o; a}7ssf] ;dfkgsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f !!, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7s ;efklt Pj+ ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf cfh k|wfgdGqL lgjf; afn'jf6f/,
sf7df8f}Fdf a:of] .
pQm a}7saf6 P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwf;efaf6 nf]stflGqs ;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnsf
k|yd /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt Pj+ ;+ljwfg;ef cWoIf kbsf]
lgjf{rg ;DkGg eO{ b]z ;+j}wflgs Pj+ nf]stflGqs cEof;sf] dxTjk"0f{
r/0fdf ;kmntfk"j{s cufl8 al9 /x]sf]df hgtf, ;+ljwfg ;ef;b\x?
Pj+ ;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fhgLlts bnx? k|lt s[t1tf JoQm
ub}{ /fi6«klt
8f= /fdj/0f ofbj, pk/fi6«klt k/dfgGb emf / lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt
;+ljwfg;ef cWoIf >L ;'efif g]DjfªnfO{ xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg
u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} pxfFx?sf] sfo{sfn ;kmn /xf];\ egL z'e–sfdgf
;d]t JoQm ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}u/L /fi6«klt kbdf g]kfnL sfFu|];n] tTsfnLg dxfdGqL 8f=
/fdj/0f ofbjnfO{ pDd]bjf/ k|:t't u/]sf] / pxfF ljhoL x'g' ePsf]df
xif{ k|s6 ub{5 . ;fy} pxfFnfO{ / kf6L{åf/f ;dly{t pk/fi6«klt
kbdf ljhoL k/dfgGb emf Pj+ ;+ljwfg;ef cWoIf ;'efif g]DjfªnfO{
;dy{g ub}{ ljhoL u/fpg ;xof]u ug]{ ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:ox?, /fhgLlts bnx?
Pj+ lgjf{rg ;';DkGg u/fpg cfˆgf] bfloTj jxg ug'{ x'g] ;a}nfO{
g]kfnL sfFu|];n] wGojfb lbPsf] 5 .
cfhsf] a}7sdf b]zsf] ;d;fdlos /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt / ljz]if u/L /fi6«klt
lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePkl5sf /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt Pj+ uDeL/ /fhgLlts ljifox?df
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] cfˆgf] e"ldsf af/] 5nkmn eof] . k|f/Dedf
pk;efklt /fdrGb| kf}8]nn] kf6L{sf] & a'Fb] cjwf/0ff kZrft /fi6«klt
lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'Fbf ;Ddsf ultljlwx? k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . 5nkmndf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? qmdzM ljgoWjh rGb, ch'{gk|;fb hf]zL, dfgaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{,
dx]z cfrfo{, eLid/fh cfª\bDj], uf]ljGb/fh hf]zL, pdf clwsf/L,
;'lgns'df/ e08f/L, ;'k|ef l3ld/] / g/xl/ cfrfo{n] af]Ng' eof] .
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7s hf/L 5 . csf]{ a}7s oxL >fj0f !# ut]
;f]daf/ laxfg * ah] k|wfgdGqL lgjf;, afn'jf6f/df k'gM a:g] 5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f
!), @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7s @)^% >fj0f !! ut] zlgaf/sf
lbg laxfg * ah] k|wfgdGqL lgjf;, afn'jf6f/, sf7df8f}Fdf a:g] ePsf]
5 . pQm a}7sdf clgjfo{ pkl:yt x'g s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/L
Pj+ ;b:ox?nfO{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 .
hLjgk|]d >]i7
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f
!), @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
dxf]Q/L lhNnf /fdgu/ uflj; # lgjf;L g]kfnL sfFu|]; j"y ;ldltsf
;efklt kz'klt /fgf du/nfO{ ut a'wjf/ /ftL sl/j Ps bh{gsf] ;+Vofdf
xltof/ ;lxt cfPsf ;z:q ;d"xn] ckx/0f u/L 3/af6 ckx/0f ul/ xflQn]y
uflj; k'¥ofO{ lxhf] uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] 5 . 36gfaf6 g]kfnL
sfFu|]; :tAw / b'MvL ePsf] 5 . cfh ljxfg dfq t/fO{ d'lQm df]rf{
-/fhg_ ;d"xn] 36gfsf] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] yfxf ePsf] 5 . o; h3Go
/ cfk/flws 36gfsf] 3f]/ lgGbf / eT;gf{ ub}{ 36gfdf ;+nUg ck/flwx?nfO{
sfg"g jdf]lhd sf/jfxL ug{ / lkl8t kl/jf/x?nfO{ plrt /fxtsf]
Joj:yf ug{ g]kfnL sfFu|]; ;/sf/;Fu dfu ub{5 .
;fy}, b'Mvsf] o; 3l8df lbj+ut cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ zf]sfs"n
kl/jf/ tyf cfkmGt hgx?df g]kfnL sfFu|]; xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5
.
/fd rGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f
!), @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
xfd|f] kf6L{sf ;dy{s /fd jxfb'/ lj=;L= nfO{ Pdfn] ;dy{s o'y kmf];{n]
ckx/0f ul/ wfl/nf] xltof/jf6 ;Vt 3fO{t] agfO{ g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o >L k"0f{jxfb'/ v8\sfsf] lj?4df hj/h:tL jofg u/fO{Psf]
/ gu/] Hofg lng] wDsL lbPsf] 36gf k|lt g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] ulDe/ Wofgfsif{0f
ePsf] 5 . gLh lj=;L=+n] O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no afFs]sf] sf]xnk'/ k|fª\u0fdf
cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ;j} 36gf / cfkm'nfO{ hjh{:tL jofg lbg nufPsf
lyP . lgoGq0fdf lnO{ hj/h:tL sfg"g xftdf lnO{ s;}sf] lj?4df
jf]Ng nufpg' lsdfy{ ljwLsf] zf;g leq kb}{g . o;y{, e|fds / skf]slNkt
;"rgf k|jfx ug{ Pdfn];Fu cfj4 o"ykmf];{sf] lqmofsnfksf]
g]kfnL sfFu|]; 3f]/ eT;{gf / lgGbf ub}{ bf]ifL dfyL tTsfn s8f eGbf
s8f sf/jfO{ ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .
hLjgk|]d >]i7
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f
!), @)^%
;dj]bgf .
eQmk'/ lhNnf dWok'/ lydL gu/kflnsfsf k"j{ d]o/ Pj+ g]kfnL sfFu|];sf
dxf;ldlt ;b:o >L dbg s[i0f >]i7sf] ddtfdoL cfdf k|f0fnIdL
>]i7sf] pkrf/fy{ sf7df08f} d]l8sn sn]h l;gfd+undf egf{ x'g' ePsf]df
oxL >fj0f * ut] *@ jif{sf] pd]/df c;fdoLs lgwg x'g uPsf] vj/n]
g]kfnL sfFu|];nfO{ b'MvLt jgfPsf] 5 .
b'Mvsf] o; 3l8df lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt
kl/jf/ tyf cfkmGthgx?df g]kfnL sfFu|]; xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5
.
hLjgk|]d >]i7
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f
&, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
gjlgjf{lrt /fi6«klt 8f= >L /fdj/0f ofbjn] /fi6«klt
kbsf] dof{bf cg's"n cfkm"nfO{ bnLo ;+nUgtfaf6 d'Qm /fVg
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] dxfdGqL / ;fwf/0f ;b:o ;d]taf6 lbg' ePsf] /fhLgfdf
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt
>L lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfåf/f :jLs[t ul/Psf] 5 . 8f= ofbjn]
g]kfnL sfFu|];df /xL d'n'ssf] nf]stflGqs /fhgLltdf k'¥ofpg'
ePsf] of]ubfgsf] k|;+zf ub}{, jxfFsf] sfo{sfnsf] ;kmntfsf nflu z'e–sfdgf
JoQm ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f
&, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] k|yd /fi6«klt kbsf] lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL
sfFu|];n] dxfdGqL 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjnfO{ kf6L{sf tkm{af6 pDd]bjf/
k|:t't u/]sf] / o; pDd]bjf/LnfO{ ;dy{g / ;xof]u ub}{ ljhoL agfpg
dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ kq dfkm{t
s[t1tf ;lxt xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg u/]sf] 5 . wGojfb kqsf] k"0f{
ljj/0f o; k|sf/ 5 M
æg]kfnL Oltxf;df ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 ;DkGg k|yd /fi6«klt
kbsf] lgjf{rgdf dxfdGqL 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjnfO{ g]kfnL sfFu|];n] cfˆgf]
pDd]bjf/ 3f]if0ff u/]kZrft oxfFsf] kf6L{n] cToGt ;'ema'em Pj+ ;+j]bgzLn
ag]/ xfd|f] kf6L{sf] pDd]bjf/ k|:t'tLnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ k"0f{
;dy{g lbPsf] / To;} cg'?k ;dy{g h'6fpg tkfO{ / tkfO{sf] kf6L{sf]
;du|af6 ePsf] cd'No ;xof]u clj:d/0fLo /x]sf] 5 . o;} k|sf/ /fli6«o
dxTjsf ;jfnx?df hgcfGbf]ng kl5sf ljleGg ;dodf oxfFx?af6 k|fKt ePsf]
;xof]u Pj+ ;dy{gsf] :d/0f ub}{ eljiodf ;d]t xfdL aLr kf/:kl/s ;xof]usf]
efjgf /xL /xg] 5 eGg] ljZjf; JoQm ub{5f}F .
/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rgdf oxfFsf] kf6L{n] v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf]
pRr d"NofÍg ub}{ g]kfnL sfFu|]; oxfFx?k|lt s[t1tf ;lxt
xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{5 .
ho g]kfn ÛÆ
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
8f=
/fdj/0f ofbj M ;+lIfKt kl/ro
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf dxfdGqL Pj+ ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjsf]
hGd hgsk'/df km/j/L $, !($* df wg'iffsf] ;kxL uf=lj=;=df ePsf] lyof]
. s[ifs kl/jf/df hGdg' ePsf 8f= ofbj lktf :j= yfgL ofbj / dftf :j=
/fd/lt ofbjsf] rf}yf] k"q x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf] k|f/lDes lzIff
wg'iffdf / pRr lzIff sf7df8f}F / ef/tdf ePsf] lyof] .
;kmn lrlsT;s 8f= ofbjn] :gftsf]Q/ lzIff MD r08Lu9sf] PDIMER
af6 ;g\ !(*$ df k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] snsQf d]l8sn sn]haf6
MBBS xfl;n ug'{ ePkl5 :s"n cfFkm 6«lksn d]l8l;g
snsQfaf6 DCP ug'{
ePsf] lyof] .
/fli6«otf, k|hftGq / ;dfhjfbk|lt ;dlk{t 8f= ofbj @)!&
;fndf /fhfn] k|hftGqsf] xTof u/]kl5 k|hftGqsf nflu ljBfyL{ cj:yfaf6}
/fhgLltdf k|j]z ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . k|hftGqsf nflu ePsf ;+3if{sf
bf}/fgdf k|x/L lx/f;t, h]n, nf7L, cflb ef]Ub} /fhgLltdf ;dlk{t 8f=
ofbj @)$* sf] cfd lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] tkm{af6 ;j{k|yd ;f+;b
lgjf{lrt x'g' ePsf] lyof] . @)%^ sf] cfd lgjf{rgdf wg'iffsf] If]q
g+= % af6 ;d]t pxfFn] bf];|f] k6s ;f+;b lgjf{lrt ePkl5 b'O{ k6s
b]zsf] :jf:Yo dGqL kb ;dfNxL ;Sg' ePsf] 5 . ut jif{ ;DkGg ePsf]
P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] tkm{af6 pxfF
wg'iff lhNnfsf] If]q g+= % af6 ljhoL x'g' ePsf] 5 .
:j= hggfos aL=kL= sf]O/fnfsf] :jf:Yo pkrf/ 6Lddf ;d]t ;lqmo 8f=
ofbjn] aL=kL= sf] hLjgsf] clGtd tLg dlxgf @$ ;}+ 306f v6\g] tLg
;b:oLo lrlsT;f 6Ldsf] g]t[Tj ;d]t ug'{ eof] . aL=kL= u|fdL0f ;]jf
s]Gb|, wg'iffsf cWoIf ;d]t /xg' ePsf >L ofbj @)#^ sf] hgdt ;+u|xdf
;s[otf ;fy cfˆgf] u[x lhNnfdf ;+nUg x'g'x'GYof] . pxfF /fhgLltdf,
aL=kL= sf ;fy}
:j= dx]Gb|gf/fo0f lglw Pj+ :j= ;/f]h sf]O/fnfaf6 ;d]t k|efljt x'g'x'G5
.
cfˆgf] kf6L{ k+lQmdf dgdf nfu]sf] s'/f v/f] tl/sfn] /fVg] /
lgle{s tl/sfn] ;+3if{df xf]ldg] g]tfsf ?kdf pxfF ;'kl/lrt x'g'x'G5
.
dfgaxfb'/
ljZjsdf{ M ;+lIfKt kl/ro
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ k"j{ dGqL dfgaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{sf]
hGd lj=;+= @))% ;fn c;f/ @! ut] lsd8fF8f—(, c3f{vfFrLdf ePsf]
lyof] . lktf :j= 1fgaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ / dftf :j= df]ufb]jL ljZjsdf{sf
Ps dfq ;'k'q >L ljZjsdf{n] k|f/lDes / M.Sc. (Math) ;Ddsf] ;Dk"0f{
lzIff ef/taf6 xfl;n ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
lj=;+= @)#^ ;fnsf] hgdt ;+u|xb]lv /fhgLltdf k"0f{sflng ?kdf
;lqmo >L ljZjsdf{ @)$^ sf] hgcfGbf]ngb]lv k6s–k6s k|x/L
lx/f;t, h]n, nf7L cflb ef]Ub} c3f{vfFrL lhNnfnfO{ cfˆgf] d"n
sfo{If]q agfO{ g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf lg/Gt/ ;lqmo /xg'
eof] . g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] P3f/f}F dxflwj]zgaf6 s]Gb|Lo ;b:odf lgjf{lrt
>L ljZjsdf{n] jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnosf] dGqLsf] ?kdf
;d]t lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] eft[ ;+:yf
g]kfn blnt ;+3sf] ;+:yfks ;efkltsf] ?kdf @)%$ ;fnb]lv @)^$ ;fn;Dd
lhDd]jf/L jxg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3sf] dxf;lrj -@)$* b]lv @)%@_ /xg' ePsf >L
ljZjsdf{n] pk]lIft, pTkLl8t, blnt ju{ pTyfg ljsf; ;ldltsf] pkfWoIfsf]
?kdf b'O{ k6s lhDd]jf/L jxg ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . cd[t ;fOG; sn]hdf
@)#$ ;fnb]lv @)$^ ;fndf -!@ jif{_ k|fWofkssf] ?kdf ;]jf/t >L
ljZjsdf{ Ps s'zn /fhgLlt1sf] cnjf bIf k|fWofks klg x'g'x'G5 .
g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf ;fy} blnt cfGbf]ngsf cu'jfsf ?kdf
kl/lrt x'g'x'G5 .
>fj0f
^, @)^%
k|]; jQmJo
P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgaf6 g]kfnsf] k|yd /fi6«kltdf
8f= /fdj/0f ofbj lgjf{lrt x'g' ePsf]df v'zL JoQm ub{5' . /fi6«klt
h:tf] ul/dfdo kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g' ePsf]df pxfFsf] sfo{sfn k"0f{
;kmn /xg]5 eGg] sfdgf ub{5' . pxfFh:tf] ;'of]Uo, kl/kSs, jf}l4s
JolQmTj /fi6«klt ePaf6 d'n'ssf] j[xQ/ lxt x'g]5 eGg] ljZjf;
k|s6 ub{5' .
8f= /fdj/0f ofbjnfO{ /fi6«kltdf lgjf{lrt x'g dtbfgdf ;xof]u
ug'{x'g] ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bnx? / ;ef;b\x? ;a}nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb
JoQm ub{5' .
z]/axfb'/ b]pjf
k"j{ k|wfgdGqL
>fj0f
^, @)^%
k|]; jQmJo
P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwfg;efaf6 nf]stflGqs ;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnsf] k|yd /fi6«klt
h:tf] ul/dfdo kbdf, hgtfsf] nf]stflGqs xs clwsf/sf nflu nfdf] ;+3if{
ub}{ cfPsf] xfd|f] kf6L{ g]kfnL sfFu|];sf dxfdGqL 8f= /fdj/0f ofbj
lgjf{lrt x'g' ePsf]df g]kfnL sfFu|]; xflb{s v'zL JoQm ub{5 .
o; cj;/df g]kfnL sfFu|];
nf]stflGqs ;dLs/0fsf ;xof]uL bnx? nufot lgjf{rgdf ;xof]u ug]{ ;Dk"0f{
/fhgLlts bnx? Pj+ ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:ox?k|lt s[t1tf JoQm ub{5 . gj lgjf{lrt
/fi6«klt 8f= ofbj g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}lds cv08tf
Pj+ g]kfnL hgtfk|lt ;dlk{t /xFb} /fi6«sf] ;+/IfsTj k|bfg ug]{
;+ljwfgn] k|bfg u/]sf] d"n nIodf ;kmn x'g' x'g]5 eGg] g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf] tkm{af6 z'e–sfdgf JoQm ub}{ xflb{s awfO 1fkg ub{5'
.
/fdrGb| kf}8]n
pk;efklt
>fj0f
%, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
sf7df08f}jf6 e}/xjf hfb} u/]sf] Go" nfOkm oftfoftsf] n' ! v
#*)# gDa/sf] /fqLj; ut z'qmjf/ /flt lrtjgsf] r08Le~HofË % cfulg
vf]nfsf] k'njf6 !)) ld6/ tn lqz'nL glbdf v;L b'3{6gfu|:t x'g hfFbf
!^ hgf ofq'x?sf] c;fdoLs Pj+ b'Mvb lgwg x'g'sf ;fy}, s}og ofq'x?
ulDe/ 3fO{t] ePsf / s]xL ofq'x?sf] cj:yfsf jf/]df xfn;Dd klg s'g}
hfgsf/L x'g g;s]sf] 36gfaf6 g]kfnL sfFu|];nfO{ cToGt b'Mv nfu]sf]
5 .
o; b'Mvb b'3{6gfdf kl/ c;fdoLs lgwg ePsfx?sf] lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/
zflGtsf] sfdgf ub]{ zf]sfs'n kl/jf/hgx?df g]kfnL sfFu|]; xflb{s
;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5 . ;fy}, b'3{6gfdf kl/ 3fOt] ePsfx?sf] zL3| :jf:Yonfesf]
sfdgf ub}{ plrt :jf:Yof]krf/sf] Joj:yf ug{ / j]kQf ePsfx?sf] l:ylt
tTsfn kQf nufpg cfjZos Joj:yf ug{sf nflu klg g]kfnL sfFu|]; ;/sf/;Fu
dfu ub{5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
>fj0f
@, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
oxL @)^% >fj0f $ ut] a:g] ;+ljwfg;efsf] a}7s nufot To;kl5sf ;+ljwfg;efsf
a}7sx?df g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;a} ;ef;b\x?nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf pkl:yt x'g
g]kfnL sfFu|]; ;+;bLo bnsf] tkm{af6 lgb]{zfg';f/ lXjLk =(Whip) hf/L
ul/Psf] 5 .
hLjgk|]d >]i7
d'Vo ;lrj
c;f/
@(, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
pb\ok'/ lhNnf;Fu hf]l8Psf ef]hk'/ / vf]6fË lhNnfsf s]lx uflj;x?df
k6s k6s ;'/Iffdf vl6Psf k|x/Lx?sf] xltof/ n'l6 ;s]sf 5g\ / *÷!)
uflj; j/k/sf :yfgx?df ;z:q ;d"xx?n] cfk/flws ultljlw j9fO{
/x]sf] x'gfn] o; k|sf/sf] u+le/ lrGtfsf] ljifo k|lt g]kfnL sfFu|];
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f ug{ rfxG5 .
hLjgk|]d >]i7
d'Vo ;lrj
c;f/
@(, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
tgx'F lhNnf l/l;ª /fgLkf]v/L lgjf;L k|hftGq ;]gfgL *^ jifL{o
uf]kfns[i0f >]i7sf] ut c;f/ @) ut] tgx'Fdf lgwg eof] . pxfF @))&
;fnb]lv g]kfnL sfFu|];df lg/Gt/ ?kdf /x]/ k|hftGqsf nflu cfˆgf]
If]qdf /x]/ dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb} cfpg' ePsf] lyof]
. pxfFsf] lgwgn] g]kfnL sfFu|];nfO{ ck"/0fLo Iflt k'u]sf] 5
. pxfFsf] 5f]/f ;/:jtLs[i0f >]i7nfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?åf/f ;+rflnt
;z:q åGbsf ;dodf xTof ul/Psf] lyof] .
g]kfnL sfFu|]; uf]kfns[i0f >]i7sf] lgwgdf ulx/f] b'Mv JoQm ub{5
. ;fy} lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf
g]kfnL sfFu|]; xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
c;f/
!(, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
u|L;sf]
/fhwfgL Py]G;df cfof]lht Socialist
International sf] @# cf}F a}7sdf ;xefuL x'g' ePsf g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf g]tf Pj+ k"j{ k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf cfufdL rf/
jif{sf nflu Socialist
Internatinal sf] pkfWoIfdf lgjf{lrt x'g' ePsf] 5 . oxL cfiff9
!^—!*, @)^% -tbg';f/ h'g #)— h'nfO{ @, @))*_ ;Dd hf/L
pQm a}7s k"j{ k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfs} cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf]
lyof] .
ljZjsf !@) j6f d'n'ssf !^) eGbf a9L ;dfhjfbL÷k|hftGqjfbL
/fhgLlts bnx? ;b:o /x]sf] Socialist
International sf] pQm a}7snfO{ g]kfnL sfFu|];sf g]tf Pj+
k"j{ k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] "Working
for a World in Peace: Struggling for Democracy to Eradicate National
Conflict" ljifodf s]Gb|Lt /xL ;Daf]wg ug'{ ePsf] lyof]
. pxfFn] pQm a}7sdf ug'{ ePsf] ;Daf]wgsf] k"0f{ c+z o; k|sf/
/x]sf] 5 M
<click
here for Speech>
c;f/ !*, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
;f];lni6 OG6/g]zgnsf] oxL @)^% c;f/ !^—!* ut] -tbg';f/ h'g
#)—h'nfO{ @, @))*_ ;Dd u|L;sf] /fhwfgL Py]G;df hf/L @# cf}F
sfFu|];sf] a}7sn] g]kfnL sfFu|];sf g]tf Pj+ k"j{ k|wfgdGqL
z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ cfufdL rf/ jif{sf nflu pkfWoIf kbdf lgjf{lrt
u/]sf] 5 . pxfFn] ToxfF Pl;ofsf] k|ltlglwTj ug'{ x'g]5 .
ljZjsf !@) j6f d'n'ssf !^) eGbf a9L ;dfhjfbL÷nf]stGqjfbL
/fhgLlts bnx? ;f];lni6 OG6/g]zgnsf ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ .
pQm a}7sn] cWoIf George
Papendreou / dxf;lrj
Luis Ayala nfO{ k'gM ;fljss} kbdf lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
c;f/
!*, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
>d tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g ljefusf] sfof{no kl/;/leq g} lxhf] @)^%
c;f/ !& ut] lbpF;f] g]kfn o'y kmf];{ n]lvPsf] /ftf] kl§
afFw]sf JolQmx?sf] ;d"xåf/f pSt ljefusf sd{rf/L / j}b]lzs
/f]huf/ Joj;foLnfO{ lg3f{t s'6lk6 u/L sAhfdf ;d]t lnP/ uPsf] 36\gfk|lt
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . ljlwsf] zfzg / sfg"gL
/fHosf] cjwf/0ffdf vnn x'g] u/L s;}n] klg s'g} klg jxfgfdf eP u/]sf
c/fhs / pQ]hs 36\gfk|lt g]kfnL sfFu|]; v]b k|s6 ub{5 / /fi6«
;]js sd{rf/L, Joj;foL nufot cfd gful/ssf] cfjZos ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"ltsf
;fy} / o:tf 36\gf bf]xl/g glbg g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu df+u ;d]t ub{5 .
/fdrGb| kf]v/]n
d'Vo ;lrj
c;f/ !), @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf d'Vo
;lrj zf]efs/ k/fh'nLn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;b:odf lgjf{lrt ePkl5 cfˆgf]
kbaf6 lbg' ePsf] /fhLgfdf h]7 #!, @)^% af6} nfu" x'g] u/L g]kfnL
sfFu|];n] :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . d'Vo ;lrj kbdf /xL kf6L{sf] lawfg, lgodfjnL
/ gLlt cg';f/ nugzLntf / OdfGbfl/tfsf ;fy sfd ug'{ ePsf]df zf]efs/
k/fh'nLnfO{ kf6L{n] wGojfb lbPsf] 5 . g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf]
d'Vo ;lrj kbdf /x]/ zf]efs/ k/fh'nLn] k'¥ofpg' ePsf] of]ubfgnfO{
kf6L{n] ;b}j :d/0f ub}{, dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u / of]ubfg eljiodf
klg kfO/xg] ljZjf; kf6L{n] /fv]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L g]kfnL sfFu|];sf sfo{jfxs ;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnfn] g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf] ljwfg, @)!& -@)%!, @)%$, @)%& / @)^@ df ;+zf]wg
/ kl/dfh{g u/L ldnfOPsf] ¿kdf_ / g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] lgodfjnL
adf]lhd g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] d'Vo ;lrj kbdf tgx'Fsf
dxf;ldlt ;b:o /fdrGb| kf]v/]nnfO{ h]7 #!, @)^% b]lv nfu" x'g]
u/L lgo'Qm ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
pxfF o;cl3 @)%^ ;fnsf] cfd lgjf{rgdf s]Gb|Lo lgjf{rg k|rf/ k|;f/
;ldltsf] ;+of]hs, g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo k|rf/ ljefusf] k"j{
;b:o ;lrj kbdf /xL sfd ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 .
cfhb]lv gjlgo'Qm d'Vo ;lrj /fdrGb| kf]v/]nn] cfˆgf] sfo{ef/
;DxfNg' ePsf] 5 . pQm cj;/df kf6L{k|lt cfef/ / s[t1tf k|s6 ub}{
kf]v/]nn] kf6L{sf] ljwfg cg';f/ cfkm" lqmofzLn /xg] k|ltj4tf
;d]t JoQm ug'{
ePsf] 5 .
k|sfz zdf{
;x–;lrj
c;f/
^, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
nlntk'/ lhNnf lgjf{rg If]q g+= ! cGtu{t b]jLrf}/ uf=lj=;= lgjf;L
g]kfnL sfFu|]; nlntk'/sf lgjf{lrt lhNnf ;b:o lul/k|;fb ltldN;LgfnfO{
cglws[t tj/n] jg dGqL dft[sf ofbjsf] g]t[Tjdf ufpFaf6 NofO{ hjh{:tL
jg sfof{nodf /fv]/ l;w}+ gVv' sf/fuf/df y'g]sf] 36\gfk|lt g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf] uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L, oxL c;f/ # ut] jgdGqL dft[sf ofbjn] nlntk'/sf :yfgLo ljsf;
clwsf/L 8'08'/fh l3ld/]nfO{ s'6lk6 u/]/ pxfFnfO{ afy?ddf y'Gg] h:tf]
Ps cToGt cdof{lbt, cdfgjLo Pj+ ;Dk"0f{ lgod, sfg"g lj?4sf]
Ps clt h3Go / lg/+s'z sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . dGqL ofbjn] cfkm"n]
u/]sf] of] lgGbgLo lqmofsnfksf] lj/f]w ug]{x?nfO{ wDsL ;d]t lbP/
cToGt tNnf] :t/sf] lgs[i6 sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ .
dGqL h:tf] lhDd]jf/ kbdf /x]sf JolQmn] o;/L cfkm"nfO{ s'g}
klg lgod, sfg"geGbf dflysf], h;nfO{ h] u/] klg x'g] Ps ;j{;QfjfbL
JolQmsf] ?kdf pEofP/, u/]sf] of] lgs[i6 sfo{n] ;Dk"0f{ lgod,
sfg"g Pj+ dfgjLo ;Eotf / dfgj clwsf/sf] 3f]/ pNn+3g ePsf] 5
. lgod, sfg"g lj?4sf] of] :j]R5frf/L sfo{sf] g]kfnL sfFu|];
s8f zAbdf lj/f]w ub{5 / o;sf] lj/f]wdf sd{rf/L ju{ tyf c? ;a} ;r]t
gful/sn] u/]sf] lj/f]wk|lt g]kfnL sfFu|]; P]Soj4tf k|s6 ug{ rfxG5
.
hLjgk|]d >]i7
d'Vo ;lrj
h]7
@*, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnLkq ;fKtflxssf k|sfzs Pj+ k|wfg;Dkfbs sdn/fh hf]zLsf] sf7df8f}F
l:ylt gle{s c:ktfndf lgwg eof] . pxfF ^$ jif{sf] x'g'x'GYof] / s/La
b'O{ dlxgfb]lv sn]hf]sf] SofG;/af6 kLl8t eO{ pkrf/ u/fO/xg' ePsf]
lyof] . @)$! ;fnb]lv kqsfl/tf If]qdf pxfF lqmofzLn x'g'x'GYof] .
pxfFsf] cfh} kz'klt cfo{3f6df bfx;+:sf/ ul/of] . pxfFsf] >LdtL,
Ps 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/L x'g'x'G5 .
kqsf/ sdn/fh hf]zLsf] lgwgdf g]kfnL sfFu|]; ulx/f] b'Mv JoQm ub{5
. pxfFsf] lgwgn] g]kfnL kqsfl/tfsf] If]qdf ck"/0fLo Iflt k'¥ofPsf]
5 . g]kfnL sfFu|]; :juL{o hf]zLk|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL ck{0f ub}{
cfTdfsf] lr/ zflGtsf] sfdgf ub{5 . ;fy} zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt
xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5 .
zf]efs/ k/fh'nL
d'Vo ;lrj
h]7
@$, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg u/L g]kfnnfO{
k/Dk/fut zf;g Joj:yfjf6 gofF o'udf k|j]z u/fpg] o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{gsf]
g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf g]kfnL sfFu|];n] lgjf{x u/]sf] oyfy{tf ;j{ljlbt
g} 5 . ;+ljwfg;efjf6 g]kfnnfO{ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fi6«
3f]if0ff u/]sf] kl/k|]Io / g]kfnL sfFu|];n] cl3 ;f/]sf /fli6«o
;xdltsf & j'Fb] k"jf{wf/x¿sf] cf}lrTo tyf ckl/xfo{tf
nufot ;d;fdlos ljifodf oxL h]7 @^ ut] lbpF;f] @ ah] sf7df8f}Fsf]
zxLbd~r -6'Fl8v]n_ df g]kfnL sfFu|];n] ljzfn cfd;efsf] cfof]hgf
ug{ nfu]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt Pj+ ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf,
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf g]tf Pj+ k"j{ k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf sfo{jfxs ;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnf nufotsf s]Gb|Lo g]tfx?n]
;Daf]wg ug'{ x'g] pQm ljzfn cfd;efdf ;Dk"0f{ lbbL–alxgL
tyf bfh'–efOx¿sf] Jofks / pT;fxhgs ;xeflutfsf nflu
g]kfnL sfFu|]; xflb{s cfXjfg ub{5 .
zf]efs/ k/fh'nL
d'Vo ;lrj
h]7
@$, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
wg'iff lhNnf If]q g+= & j6]Zj/ uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ( lgjf;L g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf lqmofzLn ;b:o lhj5 l;+x dxtf]nfO{ lxhf] h]7 @# ut] ;fFem
dx]Gb|gu/af6 3/ tkm{ kms{b}{ /x]sf] cj:yfdf l;d]G6 sf/vfgf glhs
;'shf]]/ vf]nfsf] 5]pFdf c1ft ;d"xn] uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf
5g\ .
hLj5 l;+x u'Ktfsf] xTofsf] 36\gfn] g]kfnL sfFu|]; :tAw ePsf] 5 /
of] 36\gfsf] g]kfnL sfFu|]; 3f]/ lgGbf / eT;{gf ub{5 . nf]stGq /
g]kfnL sfFu|]; Ps csf{sf kl/k"/s ePsf]n] nf]stGqnfO{ sdhf]/
kfg]{ if8oGqsf] ?kdf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf sfo{stf{x?sf] xTof ul/Psf]
xf] eGg] g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] 7x/ 5 . of] 36\gfdf ;+nUg cfk/fwLx?sf]
vf]hL u/L s8f eGbf s8f sfjf{xL ug{ / cfd gful/sdf zflGt ;'/Iffsf]
k|Tofe"lt lbnfpg tyf d[tssf kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt Pj+ Ifltk"lt{
pknAw u/fpg g]kfnL sfFu|]; ;/sf/;Fu df+u ub{5 .
zf]efs/ k/fh'nL
d'Vo ;lrj
h]7 @@, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; dxf]Q/Lsf pk;efklt lj;'gb]j ofbjnfO{ c1ft ;d"xn]
cfh ck/fGx !@ ah] lhNnfsf] xl/gd/L ufpFdf cfqmd0f u/L pxfF;Fu ePsf]
ePsf] gub ¿= !,%),))).– -Ps nfv krf; xhf/_, df]6/;fOsn
/ df]jfOn ;]6 n'l6 nu]sf 5g\ .
o; lsl;dsf lx+;fTds / cfk/flws ultljlwsf] g]kfnL sfFu|]; 3f]/ lgGbf
/ eT;{gf ub{5 . ;fy} n'l6Psf gub / cGo ;DklQ tTsfn lkmtf{ ug{ /
36\gfdf ;+nUg ck/flwx?nfO{ s8f eGbf s8f sf/jfxL u/L cfd gful/sdf
zflGt ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg g]kfnL sfFu|]; ;/sf/;Fu df+u
ub{5 .
-hLjgk|]d >]i7_
d'Vo ;lrj
!(
h]i7, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg u/L g]kfnnfO{
k/Dk/fut zf;g Joj:yfjf6 gofF o'udf k|j]z u/fpg] o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{gsf]
g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf g]kfnL sfFu|];n] lgjf{x u/]sf] oyfy{tf ;j{ljlbt
g} 5 . ;+ljwfg;efjf6 g]kfnnfO{ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fi6«
3f]if0ff u/]sf] kl/k|]Iodf kf6L{sf] efjL /fhgLlts b[li6sf]0f ;fj{hlgs
ug{ oxL h]i7 @^ ut]sf lbg lbpF;f] @M)) jh] sf7df08f}+sf] 6'l8v]n
zlxb d+rdf ljzfn cfd;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/g] ePsf] 5 . pQm cfd;efnfO{
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;efklt Pj+ ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf,
g]kfnL sfFu|];sf g]tf Pj+ k"j{ k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/ b]pjf, g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf sfo{jfxs ;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnf nufotsf s]Gb|Lo g]tfx?n]
;Djf]wg ug'{ x'g] 5 .
pQm cfd;efnfO{ P]ltxfl;s ?kdf ;kmn jgfpgsf nflu kf6L{sf pk;efklt
Pj+ ;+ljwfg ;ef;b k|sfzdfg l;+xsf] ;+of]hsTjdf jfUdtL c~rnjf6 k|ltlglwTj
ug]{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?÷;+ljwfg ;ef;bx?÷lhNnf ;efkltx?,
;x–;efkltx?, lgjt{dfg ;efkltx?÷If]lqo ;efkltx?÷gu/
;efkltx?÷eft[ Pj+ z'e]R5's ;+3–;+:yfsf s]Gb|Lo ;efklt÷cWoIfx?
;b:o /xg' ePsf] ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 .
cfh g} ;ldltsf ;+of]hs k|sfzdfg l;+xsf] ;+of]hsTjdf j;]sf] j}7sn]
cfd;efnfO{ ;kmn jgfpgsf nflu cfjZos tof/L tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf
ug]{ lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .
zf]efs/ k/fh'nL
d'Vo ;lrj
h]7
!!, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
lgjf{rg ;DkGg eP kZrft\ oxL @)^% h]7 !% ut]sf lbg a:g nfu]sf] ;+ljwfg
;efsf] klxnf] P]ltxfl;s a}7ssf] cfkm\g} P]ltxfl;s dxTj / lhDd]jf/L
/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnnfO{ ax'njfbL ;+;bLo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fi6«sf
?kdf cf}krfl/s ?kdf 3f]if0ff ul/g] o; lbgnfO{ g]kfnL sfFu|];n] u0ftGq
lbj;nfO{ pT;jsf ?kdf dgfpg] ePsf] 5 .
pQm lbg kf6L{ tyf eft[ / z'e]R5's ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf lhNnf, If]q,
gu/, ufpF ;ldltx? nufot ;a} lgsfox?n] b]zJofkL ?kdf u0ftGqsf] :jfut
ug{sf nflu kf6L{sf] em08f ;lxt h'n'z k|b{zg, ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd nufotsf
ljljw sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf ug{ / ;fFem 3/–3/df lbkfjnL ug{
klg g]kfnL sfFu||];n] lgb]{z u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} of] o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{gdf
cToflws xiff]{Nnf; cleJoQm ug{ ;a} g]kfnL lbbL alxgL Pj+ bfh' efOx?df
g]kfnL sfFu|]; xflb{s ckLn ;d]t ub{5 .
zf]efs/ k/fh'nL
d'Vo ;lrj
h]7 !!, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sf+u|];sf
;x–dxfdGqL Pj+ k|jQmf ch'{g g/l;+x s]=;L=n] blIf0f sf]l/ofsf]
/fhwfgL l;pndf @)^% h]7 !! b]lv !# ut] -tbg';f/ d] @#—@%,
@))*_ ;Dd cfof]hgf eO/x]sf] Plzofsf /fhgLlts bnx?sf] sfo{zfnf uf]i7LnfO{
cfh ;Djf]wg ug'{ eof] . Plzofsf %! j6f k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;xeflutfdf
"State Subsidies for Mainstream Political Parties as a means
to prevent Political Corruption" ljifodf cfof]lht tLg
lbjl;o pQm sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf kf6L{sf tkm{jf6 ;xefuL /xg' ePsf kf6L{
k|jQmf Pj+ ;xdxfdGqL ch'{g g/ l;+x s]=;L=n] ug'{ ePsf] ;Djf]wgsf]
k"0f{ c+z o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 M
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detail, Click here>
h]7
(, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg kZrft klg dfcf]jfbLaf6 lx+;fTds / c/fhs ultljlwx?
hf/L /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf /fhgLlts bnx?sf aLr k6s–k6s
ul/Psf ;Demf}tf / ;xdltsf ljk/Lt dfcf]jfbLaf6 Hofg dfg]{, ckx/0f
ug]{, lg3f{t s'6lk6 ug]{, hjh{:tL /sd c;'Ng], 3/ ;DklQ sAhf ug]{,
k]zf Joj;fo 5f8\g jfWo agfpg] nufotsf cfk/flws / u}/ lhDd]jf/ lqmofsnfkx?
lg/Gt/ hf/L 5g\ . g]kfnL sfFu|];n] /fli6«o ;xdltsf ;ft j'Fb]
k"jf{wf/x? cl3 ;f/]kl5 g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] To;nfO{ ;sf/fTds
?kdf glnO{ cem u}/ lhDd]jf/ ?kdf k|:t't ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;}lgs, cw{
;}lgs, Goflos, k|zf;lgs ;dfgfGt/ ;+/rgfsf] cGTo, dfcf]jfbL lzlj/df
/ o;sf n8fs"x?;Fu /x]sf xltof/x? /fHonfO{ t'?Gt a'emfpg'÷gi6
ul/g' kg]{, dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] k'g:yf{kgf, sAhf ul/Psf rn crn ;DklQ
lkmtf{, lj:yflktx?sf] k'g:yf{kgf, u0ftGqsf] sfof{Gjog ;+ljwfg;efsf]
klxnf] a}7saf6 ug{sf nflu ;+ljwfgdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg, ;/sf/ u7g÷lj36gdf
;fdfGo ax'dtsf] l;4fGtsf] cjnDjg, b]ze/df hf/L dfcf]jfbL Hofbltsf]
cGTo, k|zf;g, ;/sf/L, ;+rf/ dfWod, ;]gf, k|x/L, Gofofno nufotsf
;+j}wflgs lgsfox?df /fhgLlts cx:tIf]k nufotsf kf6L{sf b[li6sf]0f
/ wf/0ffx?nfO{ hg:t/;Dd k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfgsf]
lgdf{0f / zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ nlIft uGtJo;Dd k'¥ofpg] d"n
p2]Zosf ;fy g]kfnL sfFu|]; sf7df8f}F, nlntk'/, eQmk'/ tyf kf6L{sf
eft[ Pj+ z'e]R5's ;+3÷;+:yfx?af6 ljleGg sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf
ul/g] ePsf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df, dfcf]jfbLsf] c/fhs, lx+>s / Hofbltk"0f{
lqmofsnfksf lj/f]wdf oxL Ho]i7 !) ut]b]lv !$ ut];Dd sf7df8f}Fdf
lj/f]w h'n'; / ;efsf] cfof]hgf ul/g] ePsf]n] pQm lj/f]w h'n'; /
;efdf ;xefuL eO{ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;kmn agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g
zflGtsfdL / nf]stGqjfbL ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL lbbL–alxgL tyf
bfh'–efOx?nfO{ g]kfnL sfFu|]; xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .
k'gZr M
@)^% h]7 !) b]lv !$ ut];Dd dWofGx !@ ah] /Tgkfs{df e]nf eO{ h'n';
;lxt afuahf/—d}ltb]jL—k'/fgf] jfg]Zj/ x'Fb} gofF jfg]Zj/
l:yt cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng s]Gb|sf] ejg cufl8 k'u]/ ck/fGx @
ah] ;efdf kl/0ft x'g]5 .
zf]efs/ k/fh'nL
d'Vo ;lrj
h]7
*, @)^%
>Ldfg\ ;efkltHo",
g]kfnL sfFu|]; lhNnf sfo{;ldlt
sf7df8f}F÷eQmk'/÷nlntk'/ .
>Ldfg\ cWoIf÷;efkltHo",
;a} eft[ Pj+ z'e]R5's ;+3÷;+:yfx? .
ljifo M lj/f]w sfo{qmd ;DaGwdf .
dxf]bo,
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgkl5 klg dfcf]jfbLsf] lx+;fTds lqmofsnfkx? aGb
x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cem} klg pgLx? k'/fg} dfgl;stfaf6 u|l;t /x]sf
5g\ / c/fhs / lx+;fTds ultljlwnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sf 5g\ . nf]stflGqs
d"No, dfGotf / cfbz{sf Go"gtd cfwf/e"t kIfx?nfO{
;d]t pgLx?n] 7f8} pNn+3g u/L xltof/ / jfOl;Pnsf] andf /fhgLlts bnsf
sfo{stf{ Pj+ cfd gful/snfO{ ql;t agfO/x]sf 5g\ . b]zsf ljleGg 7fpFx?df
cfˆgf] kf6L{nfO{ ;xof]u gug]{ dtbftfx?, /fhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{x?nfO{
8/, wDsL, s'6lk6, ckx/0f, xTof ug]{, hjh{:tL rGbf c;'nL ug]{, 3/
/ k]zf 5f]8\g jfWo kfg]{ tyf k6s–k6ssf] ;Demf}tf / ;xdlt ljk/Lt
c/fhs, lx+;fTds, pb08 ultljlw tyf ;j{dfGo nf]stflGqs d"No /
dfGotf ljk/Ltsf lqmofsnfkx? dfcf]jfbL kIfaf6 e}/x]sf]df To;sf] 3f]/
lj/f]w u/L hg:t/;Dd ;a}nfO{ ;r]t / ;hu agfpg Jofks hg;xeflutfsf
;fy lgDgfg';f/sf] sfo{qmd ug'{ ÷u/fpg' x'g lgb]{zfg';f/ cg'/f]w
ul/G5 .
sfo{qmd
! g]kfn t?0f bn @)^% h]7 !) ut]
@ g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 @)^% h]7 !! ut]
# g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog sfFu|];, g]kfn blnt ;+3, g]kfn cflbjf;L
hghflt ;+3, g]kfn ls;fg ;+3, g]kfn e"tk"j{ ;}lgs ;+3,
g]kfn k|hftGq ;]gfgL ;+3, g]kfn ;f+:s[lts ;+3 nufotsf z'e]R5's ;+:yfx?
@)^% h]7 !@ ut]
$ g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3 @)^% h]7 !# ut]
% pkTosfleqsf tLg} lhNnfsf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf lhNnf ;ldltx? @)^% h]7
!$ ut]
@)^% h]7 !) b]lv h]7 !$ ut];Dd
;a} sfo{qmdx?df sf7df8f}F÷eQmk'/÷nlntk'/sf g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf ltg} lhNnf / ljleGg eft[ Pj+ z'e]R5's ;+3–;+:yfsf]
g]t[Tjdf tf]lsPsf] lbg ;a}sf] h'n';x? k|To]s lbg !@M)) ah] /Tgkfs{df
e]nf eO{ afuahf/, d}ltb]jL, k'/fgf] jfg]Zj/ x'Fb} gofF jfg]Zj/ l:yt
cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng s]Gb|sf] ejg cufl8 k'u]/ ck/fGx @M)) ah]
;efdf kl/0ft x'g]5 .
ho g]kfn Û
zf]efs/ k/fh'nL
d'Vo ;lrj
a}zfv
!^, @)^%
k|]; lj1lKt
g]kfnL sfFu|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7s sfo{afxs ;efklt >L ;'zLn
sf]O/fnfsf] cWoIftfdf cfh k|wfgdGqL lgjf;, afn'jf6f/df a:of] . cfhsf]
a}7sdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ;ldIff, ;dfg'kfltstkm{ gfdfjnL l;kmfl/z
ug]{ nufot cGo ;d;fdlos ljifox?df s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox?— g/xl/ cfrfo{,
bLks'df/ pkfWofo, rqmk|;fb afF:tf]nf, nId0fk|;fb l3ld/], ;'hftf
sf]O/fnf, 8f= /fdz/0f dxt, 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, ch'{gk|;fb hf]zL,
afns[i0f vfF0f, eLid/fh cfª\bDj], cd//fh s}gL, lzjrGb| ld>,
Pg=kL= ;fpFb, lbn]Gb|k|;fb a8" / pdf clwsf/Ln] cf–cfˆgf]
wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ eof] .
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7s hf/L 5 . csf]{ a}7s oxL @)^% a}zfv !*
ut] ck/fGx @ ah] k|wfgdGqL lgjf;, afn'jf6f/df a:g]5 .
zf]efs/ k/fh'nL
d'Vo ;lrj
r}q
!$, @)^$
k|]; lj1lKt
-@)^$ df3 @@ b]lv xfn;Ddsf 36\gfqmdx? ;d]l6P/
tof/ ul/Psf] k|]; lj1lKt_
olx
@)^$ r}q @* ut] ;DkGg x'g uO/x]sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg kZrft g]kfnL
hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf ;fy lgdf{0f x'g] g]kfnsf]
gofF ;+ljwfgdf ;j} g]kfnLx?sf] ;dfg clwsf/, cj;/ / pQ/bfloTj /xg]
lglZrt 5 . /fi6«sf ;j} lhDd]jf/ kIfx? ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{
zfGt / eod'Qm jftfj/0fdf ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{sf nflu ;s[o
/lx/x]sf] ;dodf ;/sf/, cGtl/d Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf ;d]t dxTjk"0f{
x}l;ot / lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ lgjf{rgsf] ldlt hlt
hlt glhls+b} 5, b}lgs ?kdf u}/ lhDd]jf/, c/fhs, h3Go, lx+;|s / cfk/flws
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Why the SPA did not
accept the royal offer?
We are frequently asked why the seven political parties
alliance (SPA) declined the royal invitation to recommend the prime
ministerial candidate, despite the wide international support for
the king's announcement of 22nd April. This question has particularly
been asked, not so much by the Nepalese intelligentsia but by the
international community and well wishers who have consistently pleaded
for a reapproachment between the king and parties for the restoration
of democratic institutions and peace in Nepal . The international
community including India , China , USA and the EU had welcomed
the royal announcement as a step in the right direction and encouraged
the SPA to grab the royal offer.The decision of the SPA should be
understood in the light of the following reasons:
click
here for more....
President
G.P.Koirala's interview with BBC Nepali Service, 10
April 2006
BBC
Nepali Service: Maoist spokesman Krishna Bahadur Mahara has just
said this movement is being conducted by the rebels and the parties
jointly. What do you say?
GP Koirala: I don't know what Mahara had to say. I speak for myself,
the Nepali Congress and the seven-party alliance. This movement
is of the seven parties and is being conducted by us in a peaceful
manner. It will move ahead peacefully and we don't really care what
the Maoists say about it.
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